High latitude climates are divided in four categories: Subarctic, Tundra, Ice Caps, and Mountainous regions.
Subarctic- The temperatures vary greatly (by as much as 120 degrees F) , the winters are very cold, and the summers are short and cool. In some parts only a thin layer of surface soil thaws each summer; below it is only permafrost.
Tundra- They are regions closer to the polar regions. Tundra are very cold. The winter darkness last six months, and the Sun's indirect rays bring light, but no heat. There are no trees because of the thin surface soil, only low bushes, short grasses, mosses, and lichen.
Ice caps- Snow and ice constantly cover the ice cap's surfaces. The temperatures average below freezing. Only lichen can survive in these regions.
Mountainous- They areas with high elevations. The vegetation varies with the altitude and region.
They are mainly found in the Northern Hemisphere, Antarctica,and Greenland.
*Mountains can be found all over the world.
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